MYSQL space management

Finding Database size

SELECT table_schema "Data Base Name", SUM( data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024
"Data Base Size in MB"
FROM information_schema.TABLES
GROUP BY table_schema ;

Finding all table size in the database

SELECT table_name AS "Tables", round(((data_length + index_length) / 1024 / 1024), 2) "Size in MB"
FROM information_schema.TABLES
WHERE table_schema = "$DB_NAME"
ORDER BY (data_length + index_length) DESC;

Diagnose Oracle RAC

Goal

To document the logs that should be uploaded for diagnosing Oracle Clusterware issue.
For more information about diagcollection, check out "diagcollection.sh -help"

This note will be obsolete in future, it's strongly recommended to use TFA to prune and collect files from all nodes:
note 1513912.1 - TFA Collector - Tool for Enhanced Diagnostic Gathering

Solution

Linux/UNIX 11gR2/12cR1

1. Execute the following as root user:

# script /tmp/diag.log
# id
# env
# cd
# $GRID_HOME/bin/diagcollection.sh
# exit The following .gz files will be generated in the current directory and need to be uploaded along with /tmp/diag.log:

crsData_.tar.gz,
ocrData_.tar.gz,
oraData_.tar.gz,
coreData_.tar.gz (only --core option specified)
os_.tar.gz

Please ensure all above information are provided from all the nodes.

Linux/UNIX 10gR2/11gR1

1. Execute the following as root user:

# script /tmp/diag.log
# id
# env
# cd
# export OCH=
# export ORACLE_HOME=
# export HOSTNAME=
# $OCH/bin/diagcollection.pl -crshome=$OCH --collect
# exit

The following .gz files will be generated in the current directory and need to be uploaded along with /tmp/diag.log:
crsData_.tar.gz,
ocrData_.tar.gz,
oraData_.tar.gz,
coreData_.tar.gz (only --core option specified)

2. For 10gR2 and 11gR1, if getting an error while running root.sh, please collect /tmp/crsctl.*
Please ensure all above information are provided from all the nodes.

Windows 11gR2/12cR1:

set GRID_HOME=
%GRID_HOME%\perl\bin\perl %GRID_HOME%\bin\diagcollection.pl --collect
The following .zip files will be generated in the current directory and need to be uploaded:
crsData_.zip,
ocrData_.zip,
oraData_.zip,
coreData_.zip (only --core option specified)

Windows 10gR2/11gR1

set ORACLE_HOME=
set OCH=
set ORACLE_BASE=
$OCH%\perl\bin\perl %OCH%\bin\diagcollection.pl --collect

Oracle Created (Default) Database Users Overview

Overview

During database creation, Oracle creates several default database users or schemas. This article attempts to provide some insight and explain each of these default database users/schemas.

Oracle User Account Details

Default Users
Username	Default Password	Account Description
SYS	change_on_install	All of the base tables and views for the database's data dictionary are stored in the schema SYS. These base tables and views are critical for the operation of Oracle. To maintain the integrity of the data dictionary, tables in the SYS schema are manipulated only by Oracle; they should never be modified by any user or database administrator, and no one should create any tables in the schema of the user SYS. The DBA should change the password for SYS immediately after database creation!!!
SYSTEM	manager	The SYSTEM username creates additional tables and views that display administrative information, and internal tables and views used by Oracle tools. Never create in the SYSTEM schema tables of interest to individual users. SYSTEM is a little bit "weaker" user than SYS, for example, it has no access to so called X$ tables (the very internal structure tables of Oracle). Although in real life you may be in a situation when some product or whatever you want to create objects in above mentioned user's schemas. Be flexible, don't sacriface a product only because it will create some objects in SYS or SYSTEM schema The DBA should change the password for SYSTEM immediately after database creation!!!
DBSNMP	dbsnmp	Supports Oracle SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol). The Oracle Intelligent Agent requires a database logon for each SID that it manages. By default this account is called "DBSNMP" and the password is "DBSNMP". The account name and/or password SHOULD be changed from the default but you will need to make a few additional modifications. In the examples below, you will need to replace any information with brackets < > with the information from your system. Remove all Jobs and Events currently registered against this database. Stop the Intelligent Agent Oracle7 - Oracle8i % lsnrctl dbsnmp_stop Oracle9i % agentctl stop Edit the $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/snmp_rw.ora file. Add the following parameter: SNMP.CONNECT..NAME= SNMP.CONNECT..PASSWORD= The variable is the exact listing of the database name as it appears in the snmp_ro.ora file. If is the default (DBSNMP), there is no need to specify the user here. Only the password is required. On UNIX, set the following permission on the "SNMP_RW.ORA" file: % chmod 600 snmp_rw.ora Change the DBSNMP password on the database. You can use either Security Manager, Sqlplus, or Server Manager. If you use SQLPlus or Server Manager, you can issue the following command: SQL> alter user "dbsnmp" identified by ""; Stop and restart the Intelligent Agent.
OUTLN	outln	Oracle8i adds the OUTLN user schema to support Plan Stability. The OUTLN user acts as a place to centrally manage metadata associated with stored outlines. This user has DBA role. It is used for plan stability ie. to keep the same execution plans for the same queries even if your system configuration or statistics changes. Execution plans will be the same in different Oracle releases with different optimizers. The DBA should either lock the user account or change the password for the OUTLN user immediately after database creation!!!
MDSYS	mdsys	Supports Oracle Spatial. Oracle Spatial is an integrated set of functions and procedures that enables spatial data to be stored, accessed, and analyzed quickly and efficiently in an Oracle8i database. [..] The spatial attribute of a spatial feature is the geometric representation of its shape in some coordinate space. This is referred to as its geometry. The DBA should either lock the user account or change the password for the MDSYS user immediately after database creation!!!
ORDSYS	ordsys	Supports Oracle8i Time Series. Oracle8i Time Series (in previous releases called the Oracle8 Time Series Cartridge) is an extension to Oracle8i that provides storage and retrieval of timestamped data through object types. Oracle8i Time Series is a building block for applications rather than being an end-user application in itself. It consists of data types along with related functions for managing and processing time series data. The DBA should either lock the user account or change the password for the ORDSYS user immediately after database creation!!!
ORDPLUGINS	ordplugins	Supports Oracle interMedia. Oracle interMedia is a single product that enables Oracle8i to store, manage, and retrieve text, documents, geographic location information, images, audio, and video in an integrated fashion with other enterprise information. Oracle interMedia extends Oracle8i reliability, availability, and data management to text and multimedia content in Internet, electronic commerce, and media-rich applications as well as online Internet-based geocoding services for locator applications. The DBA should either lock the user account or change the password for the ORDPLUGINS user immediately after database creation!!!
CTXSYS	ctxsys	Supports Oracle ConText Cartridge. Oracle8 ConText Cartridge provides powerful search, retrieval, and viewing capabilities for text stored in an Oracle8 database. In addition, ConText provides advanced linguistic processing of English-language text. The DBA should either lock the user account or change the password for the CTXSYS user immediately after database creation!!!
DSSYS	dssys	Dynamic Services Secured Web Service. Dynamic Services Engine (DS Engine) allows creation, aggregation and deployment of services from a variety of content sources. At the moment, Dynamic Services supports content access from databases (SQL/PLSQL) as well as Internet applications (HTTP/HTTPS). DS Engine can interpret XML and HTML content along with the result sets returned from database access. DS Engine is integrated with Oracle Portal via a Web Provider mechanism. This integration allows all the services registered with DS Engine to be accessible as portlets. The DBA should either lock the user account or change the password for the DSSYS user immediately after database creation!!!
PERFSTAT	perfstat	Oracle Statistics Package (STATSPACK) user that supersedes UTLBSTAT/UTLESTAT. The PERFSTAT user will hold all of the tables and packages for the performance diagnostic tool STATSPACK. Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spcusr.sql
WKPROXY	change_on_install	Used to support Oracle's Ultrasearch option. This feature (and user) was introduced in Oracle9i. The user account IS NOT locked by default is only assigned the "CREATE SESSION" privilege. None the less, this account is not locked by default and Oracle highly recommends that this default password be changed. Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0csys.sql
WKSYS	change_on_install	Used to support Oracle's Ultrasearch option. This feature (and user) was introduced in Oracle9i. The user account IS NOT locked by default and as you can see below, is granted the highly privileged role of DBA. Given that this user is granted the DBA role and is not locked by default, Oracle highly recommends that this default password be changed. This support account is assigned the following privileges in Oracle9i: CONNECT RESOURCE DBA ALL PRIVILEGES CTXAPP CREATE PUBLIC SYNONYM DROP PUBLIC SYNONYM CREATE ANY VIEW DROP ANY VIEW CREATE ANY TABLE DROP ANY TABLE CREATE ANY INDEX DROP ANY INDEX CREATE ANY SEQUENCE DROP ANY SEQUENCE CREATE ANY TRIGGER DROP ANY TRIGGER JAVAUSERPRIV JAVASYSPRIV SELECT ON SYS.USER$ SELECT ON SYS.V_$PARAMETER SELECT ON SYS.GV_$INSTANCE SELECT ON SYS.V_$DATABASE SELECT ON SYS.DBA_CONSTRAINTS SELECT ON SYS.DBA_JOBS SELECT ON SYS.DBA_DB_LINKS SELECT ON SYS.DBA_ROLE_PRIVS SELECT ON SYS.DBA_LOCK SELECT ON SYS.DBMS_LOCK_ALLOCATED SELECT ON SYS.PROCEDURE$ SELECT ON SYS.DBA_TABLES SELECT ON SYS.DBA_VIEWS SELECT ON SYS.DBA_TAB_COLUMNS EXECUTE ON SYS.DBMS_LOCK EXECUTE ON SYS.DBMS_PIPE EXECUTE ON SYS.DBMS_REGISTRY The default tablespace for this user will be "DRSYS" while its temporary tablespace will be "TEMP". Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/ultrasearch/admin/wk0install.sql
WMSYS	wmsys	Used to store all the metadata information for Oracle Workspace Manager. This user was introduced in Oracle9i and (like most Oracle9i supporting accounts) is locked by default. The user account is locked because we want the password to be public but restrict access to the account to the SYS schema. So, to unlock the account, DBA privileges are required. Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/owmctab.plb
XDB	change_on_install	Used to support SQL XML management: XML DB. This user is granted two roles: "RESOURCE" and "JAVAUSERPRIV". Oracle recommends changing the password for this user after creation. This user is configured with a default tablespace of "XDB" and a temporary tablespace of "TEMP". Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql
ANONYMOUS	...IDENTIFIED BY VALUES 'anonymous'	Used to support SQL XML management: XML DB. Allows HTTP access to Oracle XML DB. This user should only be used for HTTP logins. The account is locked near the end of the catqm.sql script. Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/catqm.sql
ODM	odm	Used to support Oracle Data Mining. In Oracle9i, this user is granted the roles: "SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE", "HS_ADMIN_ROLE", "AQ_USER_ROLE". Oracle recommends changing the default password as the account IS NOT locked after creation. The default tablespace for this user is "ODM" with temporary tablespace "TEMP". The "ODM" tablespace is populated with segments from users ODM and ODM_MTR. Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/dm/admin/dmcrt.sql
ODM_MTR	mtrpw	Used to support Oracle Data Mining. In Oracle9i, this user is granted "SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE" and "HS_ADMIN_ROLE". Oracle recommends changing the default password as the account IS NOT locked after creation. The default tablespace for this user is "ODM" with temporary tablespace "TEMP". The "ODM" tablespace is populated with segments from users ODM and ODM_MTR. Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/dm/admin/dmcrt.sql
OLAPSYS	mtrpw	This user is create if OLAP option is installed and is used to create OLAP metadata structures. In Oracle9i, this user is granted "SELECT_CATALOG_ROLE" and "HS_ADMIN_ROLE". Oracle recommends changing the default password. The default tablespace for this user is "ODM" with temporary tablespace "TEMP". The "ODM" tablespace is populated with segments from users ODM and ODM_MTR. Created By: $ORACLE_HOME/dm/admin/dmcrt.sql
TRACESVR	trace	Oracle Trace server. Supports Oracle Trace for OEM in Oracle7. Oracle Trace is used to collect a wide variety of data, such as performance statistics, diagnostic data, system resource usage, and business transaction details. This user was last used in Oracle7 and can be dropped from databases using Oracle8 and higher.
REPADMIN	Managed by DBA when user is created.	Replication user. This user is manually created by the DBA using CREATE USER... This user is also created in the scripts: $ORACLE_HOME/ldap/admin/oidrsrms.sql and $ORACLE_HOME/ldap/admin/oidrsms.sql. Oracle recommends changing the default password if automatically created.

 

OEM 12c on MS SQLserver

http://www.sqlpanda.com/2013/02/use-oem-to-monitor-microsoft-sql-server.html

Accessing SSL encrypted websites using UTL_HTTP and Oracle Wallet Manager

If you have used the UTL_HTTP package in PL/SQL to call upon external web pages or services, you might have seen following error message come by:

SELECT utl_http.request(' https://localhost/Opera.cfg') FROM dual;
 ORA-29273: HTTP request failed
 ORA-06512: at “SYS.UTL_HTTP”, line 1130
 ORA-29024: Certificate validation failure

From Opera SQL run the following to determine the location where the Database is looking for the wallet

select o_http_client.get_wallet_directory from dual

Begin
  utl_http.set_wallet('file:'||o_http_client.get_wallet_directory);
end;

SQLServer commands 2

Querying dynamic management views:

• You can query sys.dm_exec_requests to find blocking queries.
• You can query sys.dm_os_memory_cache_counters to check the health of the system memory cache.
• You can query sys.dm_exec_sessions for information about active sessions.
• You can use sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats  to check index fragmentation

Running basic DBCC commands:

• You can use DBCC FREEPROCCACHE to remove all elements from the procedure cache.
• You can use DBCC FREESYSTEMCACHE to remove all unused entries from all caches.
• You can use DBCC DROPCLEANBUFFERS to remove all clean buffers from the buffer pool.
• You can use DBCC SQLPERF to retrieve statistics about how the transaction log spaceis used in all databases.
• DBCC SHOWCONTIG to show index fragmentation

Using the KILL command to end an errant session

Identifying and Rectifying the Cause of a Block	SELECT session_id, status, blocking_session_id  FROM sys.dm_exec_requests  WHERE blocking_session_id >
Finding Last Backup Time for All Database	SELECT sdb.Name AS DatabaseName, COALESCE(CONVERT(VARCHAR(12), MAX(bus.backup_finish_date), 101),'-') AS LastBackUpTime FROM sys.sysdatabases sdb LEFT OUTER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset bus ON bus.database_name = sdb.name GROUP BY sdb.Name
Duration of backup	DECLARE @dbname sysname SET @dbname = NULL --set this to be whatever dbname you want SELECT bup.user_name AS [User],  bup.database_name AS [Database],  bup.server_name AS [Server],  bup.backup_start_date AS [Backup Started],  bup.backup_finish_date AS [Backup Finished]  ,CAST((CAST(DATEDIFF(s, bup.backup_start_date, bup.backup_finish_date) AS int))/3600 AS varchar) + ' hours, '  + CAST((CAST(DATEDIFF(s, bup.backup_start_date, bup.backup_finish_date) AS int))/60 AS varchar)+ ' minutes, '  + CAST((CAST(DATEDIFF(s, bup.backup_start_date, bup.backup_finish_date) AS int))%60 AS varchar)+ ' seconds'  AS [Total Time] FROM msdb.dbo.backupset bup WHERE bup.backup_set_id IN   (SELECT MAX(backup_set_id) FROM msdb.dbo.backupset   WHERE database_name = ISNULL(@dbname, database_name) --if no dbname, then return all   AND type = 'D' --only interested in the time of last full backup   GROUP BY database_name) /* COMMENT THE NEXT LINE IF YOU WANT ALL BACKUP HISTORY */ AND bup.database_name IN (SELECT name FROM master.dbo.sysdatabases) ORDER BY bup.database_name

  

How to relocate Oracle RAC Service

Starting/Stopping Database instance

The database (all instances) can be shut down / started by running the below command from a command prompt window of the database servers.

srvctl stop database –d opera –o immediate srvctl start database –d opera srvctl start database –d opera –o mount srvctl stop instance –d opera –i opera3 –o immediate or srvctl stop instance –d opera –i "opera1,opera2 –o immediate

Starting/Stopping Services

srvctl start service –s "volors,oxihub" –d opera

How to set auto start resources in 11G RAC

https://oracleracdba1.wordpress.com/2013/01/29/how-to-set-auto-start-resources-in-11g-rac/ 
 

How to relocate Oracle RAC Service

All cluster services related to node 1 will be in OFFLINE state.

Take note on the slhors service. This service will failover to node 3 when either node 1 or 2 is down.

When we check using the srvctl command, you will this:

d:\oracle\1020\crs\bin> srvctl status service -d opera -s slhorsservice slhors is running on instance opera2,opera3

It is now handled by opera2 and opera3 instances because node1 is down.

However, even after node 1 is up, instance opera3 won’t move the service back to opera1, therefore, we have to manually relocate the slhors service handled by opera3 back to opera using the following statement:

d:\oracle\1020\crs\bin> srvctl relocate service -d opera -s slhors -i opera3 -t opera1

Note that the slhors is now handled by opera1, opera2 again as it should be.

Using datapump to extract DDL

Using datapump to extract DDL

To export

expdp system/******** directory=data_pump_dir schemas=opera dumpfile=opera.dmp include=package

To import

impdp system/******** directory=data_pump_dir sqlfile=sqlfile.log include=package:>'RES'

Eg :

• PACKAGE:"LIKE '%API'" -- end with API
• package:>'RES' -- start with RES
• include=table,view,procedure - you can export procedure, function, package, indexes
• EXCLUDE=SCHEMA:"IN ('OUTLN','SYSTEM') - exclude schemas

Oracle 11g R2 response file example

After installing the Operating System and configuring all necessary parameters, one has to install the Oracle software. It is usually a good idea to use a response file to do this.

There are a few reasons to use a response file:

• The installation is reproducible (the most important point)
• No X server is necessary when using a response file with the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
• The installation is easily scriptable
• Strictly enforcing the OFA or other policies on all hosts is much easier

So after extracting the archive with the software downloaded from the Oracle website, we usually find an example response file in the “response/” folder of the software package. So here is an example of a response file:

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/home/oracle/oraInventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

Note that this is a very minimalistic response file, where only the software is installed (no database is created). Please refer to the Oracle documentation and the response file that Oracle provides as part of their software delivery package.

To install the software, execute the runInstaller -silent -responseFile

More silent install
http://www.pythian.com/blog/oracle-silent-mode-part-110-installation-of-102-and-111-databases/

Howto Setup Yum repositories ISO CDROM

Q : How do you use yum to update / install packages from an ISO of CentOS / FC / RHEL CD?

Solution 1 : Use your DVD directly without creating any repo

1. Mount the ISO file
   # mkdir /media/cdrom
   # mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom
2. Create config file
   # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/iso.repo
   
   [dvd]
   baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
   enabled=1
   gpgcheck=0
3. Run the command
   # yum install --enablerepo=dvd packagename

Solution 2 : Creation of yum repositories is handled by a separate tool called createrepo, which generates the necessary XML metadata. If you have a slow internet connection or collection of all downloaded ISO images, use this hack to install rpms from iso images

1. Step # 1: Mount an ISO file
   # rpm -i createrepo*
   # mkdir /media/cdrom
   # mount /dev/sr0 /media/cdrom
2. Step # 2: Create a repository
   # mkdir /tmp/repo
   # cd /mnt/iso
   # createrepo -o /tmp/repo .
3. Step # 3: Create config file
   # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/iso.repo
   
   Append following text:
   [ISO Repository]
   baseurl=file:///media/cdrom
   enabled=1

Now use yum command to install packages from ISO images:
# yum install package-name

How to Set Up SQL Server 2012 AlwaysOn Availability Groups

Advantages

• fail over automatically
• ability to run reports on the live database
• Run backup on standby server

Prerequisites

• 2 Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise servers
• NET Framework 3.5.1 feature
• Failover Clustering feature

Steps

• Configure Failover Cluster Manager.
• Join 2 servers to the the same domain
• Create Cluster Wizard
• Install SQL Server stand-alone installation
• In Configuration Manager, enable AlwaysOn by clicking SQL Server Services

Diagnose RAC Problems

How to displays the top-level view of the cluster.
# cd /u01/app/11.2.0/grid/bin
# ./crsctl check cluster -all

How to gives information about the individual resources.
# ./crsctl stat res -t
Once the Oracle software is installed, the cluvfy utility is available to provide useful post-installation information. Use the "-help" flag for usage information.

$ cluvfy stage -help
$ cluvfy stage -post crsinst -n ol6-112-rac1,ol6-112-rac2
Oracle provide the RACcheck tool (MOS [ID 1268927.1]) to audit the configuration of RAC, CRS, ASM, GI etc. It supports database versions from 10.2-11.2, making it a useful starting point for most analysis. The MOS note includes the download and setup details.

$ unzip raccheck.zip
$ cd rachcheck
$ chmod 755 raccheck
$ ./raccheck -a

Installing Oracle on Solaris

How to Add Access to CD or DVD Media in a Non-Global Zone

7.Loopback mount the file system with the options ro,nodevices (read-only and no devices) in the non-global zone.
global# zonecfg -z my-zone
zonecfg:my-zone> add fs
zonecfg:my-zone:fs> set dir=/cdrom
zonecfg:my-zone:fs> set special=/cdrom
zonecfg:my-zone:fs> set type=lofs
zonecfg:my-zone:fs> add options [ro,nodevices]
zonecfg:my-zone:fs> end
zonecfg:my-zone> commit
zonecfg:my-zone> exit

8.Reboot the non-global zone.
global# zoneadm -z my-zone reboot

9.Use the zoneadm list command with the -v option to verify the status.
global# zoneadm list -v

Error Checking

ERROR Checking monitor: must be configured to display at least 256 colors >>> Could not execute auto check for
 display colors using command /usr/openwin/bin/xdpyinfo. Check if the DISPLAY variable is set. Failed <<<<
 Some requirement checks failed. You must fulfill these requirements before continuing with theinstallation, at which time they will be rechecked.

Solution(s):
 1. Install SUNWxwplt package
 2. Set DISPLAY variable
 3. Execute xhost + on target (set in DISPLAY) computer


Error : libXm.so.4 library might be missing otherwise. Proceed to check the status of the
package as shown in the previous example.
#
pkg info -r motif
#
pkg install motif

Copying & Moving Files efficiently with xargs

How to move and/or copy a subset of files from one directory

 

eg 1 zip files older than 10 days

find . -type f -name '*.trc' -mtime +10 | xargs tar -cvzf bdump_$(date +%Y%m%d).gz.tar --remove-files

From time to time I need to move and/or copy a subset of files from one directory to another

#-- delete find . -type f -ctime -1 | xargs -i rm {}  #-- COPY find . -type f -ctime -1 | xargs -I '{}' cp {} /some/other/directory  #-- MOVE find . -type f -ctime -1 | xargs -I '{}' mv {} /some/other/directory

 

It is very easy to compress a Whole Linux/UNIX directory. It is useful to backup files, email all files, or even to send software you have created to friends. Technically, it is called as a compressed archive. GNU tar command is best for this work. It can be use on remote Linux or UNIX server. It does two things for you:
=> Create the archive
=> Compress the archive

You need to use tar command as follows (syntax of tar command):

tar -zcvf archive-name.tar.gz directory-name

Installing Oracle Database 11g Release 2 on Oracle Solaris 11

 

I just finished installing Oracle database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) on Oracle Solaris 11 and from what I experienced, Oracle Solaris 11 has a minimal package prerequisite requirement in order to install Oracle database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) on Oracle Solaris 11. Most of the requirements from Solaris 10 has been integrated or consolidated into other packages which has reduced number of prerequisite packages needed in order to install Oracle database 11g Release 2



In order for remote DISPLAY to work on S11, you will need the following package: SUNWxwplt

root@s11_sparc# pkg install pkg://solaris/compatibility/packages/SUNWxwplt

You can now set the DISPLAY variable for the user installing Oracle database.







Regarding dependency on Motif and Xt libraries, you can set the toolkit as environment variable for the user installing the oracle database:

$ export AWT_TOOLKIT=XToolkit

(For more info on XToolkit, refer: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/1.5.0/docs/guide/awt/1.5/xawt.html)

Thats it! Now you should be able to proceed with Oracle database 11g Release 2 (11.2.0.3) installation on Solaris 11 server by running runInstaller

Securing the Oracle Listener

The Oracle Database Listener is the database server software component that manages the network traffic between the Oracle Database and the client. The Oracle Database Listener listens on a specific network port (default 1521) and forwards network connections to the Database.

The listener is one of the most critical components to database operations;

• It is responsible for the ability to have a client/server communication
• In dedicated mode it is responsible for creating a new process (or thread on Windows) on behalf of the client and setting up the communications
• On Windows each such server process actually speaks on a new tcpip port and the listener redirects the client to this port
• On Unix streaming continues on the original port
  • The listener forks a new process
  • The listener then closes its own fd-s; the new process continues to speak on the fd-s

In MTS the listener is responsible to assign and set up the connection with the least loaded dispatcher. The dispatchers get requests from the client and place them on the request queues for the shared server processes, and read responses from the response queues to send to the client

How to set listener password

Set the Listener password to stop most attacks and security issues. Setting the password manually in listener.ora using the PASSWORDS_ parameter will result in the password being stored in cleartext.


LSNRCTL> set current_listener
LSNRCTL> change_password Old password:

New password:
Reenter new password:

LSNRCTL> set password Password:
LSNRCTL> save_config

MYSQL basic command

MySQL Commands List

Here you will find a collection of basic MySQL statements

General Commands

USE database_name	Change to this database. You need to change to some database when you first connect to MySQL mysql> SELECT DATABASE();
DESCRIBE table_name
SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD('new_password')
OPTIMIZE [table]
SHOW variables
SHOW DATABASES	Lists all MySQL databases on the system. To find out which database is currently selected, use the DATABASE() function
show tables  [FROM database_name]	Lists all tables from the current database or from the database given in the command
SHOW FIELDS FROM table_name
SHOW COLUMNS FROM table_name	These commands all give a list of all columns (fields) from the given table, along with column type and other info.
SHOW INDEX FROM table_name	Lists all indexes from this tables.
show open tables
show procedure status
show function status
show binary log	Lists the binary log files on the server
show master log	Lists the binary log files on the server

How to troubleshoot mysql database server high cpu usage/slowness

1. Firstly find out what's causing server CPU high usage
• vmstat 2 20top -b -n 5
2. check mysql error log , slow query log etc from /etc/my.cnf
• innodb_buffer_pool_size=20000M 
4. mysql > show engine innodb status\G

Other administration commands

• display in vertical : -E, --vertical
• variables : --print-defaults
• save output : -tee=
• save html : -H
• alive : mysqladmin -p ping
• status : mysqladmin -p ,
• How to Find out current Status of MySQL server?
• mysqladmin -u root -p extended-status
• How to check MySQL version?
• : mysqladmin -u root -p version
• How to stop MYSQL?
• : mysqladmin -p shutdown
• How to set root password?
• : mysqladmin -u root password YOURNEWPASSWORD
• How to check all the running Process of MySQL server?
• mysqladmin -u root -p processlist
• How to kill a process


• : mysqladmin kill id
• How to create a job
• http://www.mysqltutorial.org/mysql-triggers/working-mysql-

Configuration Files

• my.cnf - usually located in /etc/my.cnf, /etc/mysql/my.cnf

Directories

• basedir ($MYSQL_HOME)
  - e.g. /opt/mysql-5.1.16-beta-linux-i686-glib23
• datadir (defaults to $MYSQL_HOME/data)
• tmpdir (important as mysql behaves unpredictability if full)
• innodb_[...]_home_dir
  - mysql> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE '%dir' 

Install Oracle Solaris 11 on Oracle VM VirtualBox

http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/systems/hands-on-labs/s11-vbox-install-1408628.html

Cascading Dataguard

You have a primary database in your corporate offices, and you want to create a standby database in another building on your local area network (LAN). In addition, you have a legal insurance requirement to keep the redo data and backup copies off site at a geographically distant location outside of your LAN but on your wide area network (WAN).

You could define two destinations on your primary database so that redo data could be transmitted to both of these sites, but this would put an extra workload on your primary database throughput due to the network latency of sending the redo data over the WAN.

To solve this problem, you could define a tight connection between your primary and physical standby databases in your LAN using the LGWR and SYNC network transports and standby redo log files. This would protect against losing access to the primary database, and it provides an alternate site for production when maintenance is required on the primary database. The secondary location on the WAN could be serviced by the physical standby database, ensuring that the redo data is stored off site. Nightly backups on the production database could then be moved to the WAN remote standby database, which removes the requirement to ship tapes to the off-site storage area.

Finally, in a worst case scenario, where you lose access to both the primary database and the physical standby database on the LAN, you could fail over to the remote standby database with minimal data loss. If you can gain access to the redo log file of the last standby database from the original standby database, you could recover it on the remote standby database, incurring no data loss.

The only time you would incur problems by sending the information over the WAN is during a switchover or failover, when the physical standby database has transitioned to the primary role. However, this configuration would still meet your insurance requirements.

To reduce the load on your primary system, you can implement cascaded destinations, whereby a standby database receives its redo data from another standby database, instead of directly from the primary database. You can configure a physical standby database to retransmit the incoming redo data it receives from the primary database to other remote destinations in the same manner as the primary database

Column Masking using Virtual Private Database (VPD)

Column masking is a simple way to hide you valuable data from certain users without having to apply encrypt/decrypt techniques, In conventional Virtual Private Database the VPD Policy is applied to the whole row. By default a Column-Level VPD Policy allows you to restrict the rows displayed only if specified columns are accessed.

Column masking behaviour is implemented by using the "sec_relevant_cols_opt => DBMS_RLS.ALL_ROWS" parameter. This allows you to display all rows but mask the values of the specified columns for the restricted rows

There are 3 steps for accomplish column masking:

1. A function to be used by the policy (function policy) created in next step.
2. Use dbms_rls package to create the policy.
3. Assign “exempt access policy” to users to be excluded from the policy. These users can see all data with no masking.

Example

CONN sys/password@db10g AS SYSDBA GRANT EXECUTE ON dbms_rls TO scott;

CONN scott/tiger@db10g -- Create the policy function to restrict access to SAL and COMM columns -- if the employee is not part of the department 20. CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION pf_job (oowner IN VARCHAR2, ojname IN VARCHAR2) RETURN VARCHAR2 AS   con VARCHAR2 (200); BEGIN   con := 'deptno = 20';   RETURN (con); END pf_job; /

-- Add policy BEGIN   DBMS_RLS.ADD_POLICY (object_schema         => 'scott',                        object_name           => 'emp',                        policy_name           => 'sp_job',                        function_schema       => 'scott',                        policy_function       => 'pf_job',                        sec_relevant_cols     => 'sal,comm',                        sec_relevant_cols_opt => DBMS_RLS.ALL_ROWS); END; /

-- All rows are returned but the SAL and COMM values are only
-- shown for employees in department 20.

-- Remove the policy function from the table.

BEGIN   DBMS_RLS.DROP_POLICY (object_schema => 'scott', object_name => 'emp', policy_name => 'sp_job'); END; /