Basic Oracle Exadata administration

Basic Oracle Exadata Machine administration

Using dcli

1. connect as oracle user
2. create a file named mycells
   
   

   cat <<> mycells dbserver01 dbserver02 dbserver03 dbserver04 END

1. Generate a ssh key pair

2. ssh-keygen -t rsa



3. You have completed. Now try it.
   
   

   dcli -g mycells "cat /proc/meminfo | grep Mem"

How to check Exadata version?

[root@remote_dbacell1 ~]# imageinfo [root@remote_dbacell1 ~]# imagehistory

How to clean exawatcher logs?

(Doc ID 1617454.1)


One-time cleanup for ExaWatcher logs:

1.  Stop ExaWatcher
   
   

   ./ExaWatcher.sh --stop

2. Adjust on the command line for a one-time cleanup operation ...  will remove all older ExaWatcher logs over 2GB quotaOutput showing ExaWatcherCleanup.sh execution will be written to the console.  When completed you will see something similar to:"Current size of the result directory /opt/oracle.ExaWatcher/archive/ is 2097152 after clean up. Please see /opt/oracle.ExaWatcher/log/OldFilesDeleted.log to look for the files deleted." - Use 'control C' to exit from cleanup script
   

   ./ExaWatcher.sh --spacelimit "spacelimit" (in MB)ex) ./ExaWatcher.sh  --spacelimit 2048

3. 
   
4. Restart ExaWatcher
   
   

   /opt/oracle.cellos/validations/bin/vldrun.pl -script oswatcher

5. 
   

How to change OS user password for Cell Node, Database Node , ILOM, KVM , Infiniband Switch , GigaBit Ethernet Switch and PDU on Exadata Database Machine

(Doc ID 1291766.1)

1. set /SP/users/root password

   > dcdli -g dbs_cell_group_ilom -| root " ipmitool sunoem cli 'set /SP/users/root password=newpassword' oldpassword"

   
   
   
   

How to stop database nodes?

1. /grid/bin/crsctl stop crs –f
2. Shutdown oswatcher
   
   

   cd /opt/oracle/oswatcher/osw/ /stopOSW.sh

How to power on/off sequence?

Power off sequence

1. On Database server
   1. crsctl stop cluster
   2. shutdown –h –u now
2. On Storage server
   1. Shutdown –h –y now
3. Turn off Rack, network switches

Power on sequence

1. Rack, network switches
2. Storage server
3. Database server

How to Shutdown Exadata storage Server?

Shutdown sequence

cellcli> LIST GRIDDISK WHERE asmdeactivationoutcome != ‘Yes’ cellcli> ALTER GRIDDISK ALL INACTIVE cellcli> LIST GRIDDISK WHERE STATUS !=’INACTIVE’

Startup sequence

cellcli> ALTER GRIDDISK ALL ACTIVE cellcli> LIST GRIDDISK ATTRIBUTES name,attributes

1. 
   

How to replacing a Damaged Physical disk?

1. cellcli> LIST ALERTHISTORY WHERE ALERTMESSAGE LIKE “Logical drive lost.*” DETAIL
2. Replace the physical disk
   1. ALTER PHYSICALDISK
3. Monitor the ASM to confirm the re-addition of the disk

Replacing a damaged Flash Card

1. 
   
   

   cellcli> LIST PHYSICALDISK DETAIL

   
   
2. power off cell
3. replace the damanged card
4. power on the cell

Moving all disk from one cell to another

1. 
   
   

   cellcli> ALTER GRIDDISK ALL INACTIVE

2. Backup OS config
3. Move the disk,flashcard, disk controller and CELLBOOT to new cell
4. Boot the new cell
5. Restart cell services
   
   

   Cellcli> ALTER CELL RESTART SERVICES ALL

   
   
6. Activate the gird disks
   
   

   Cellcli> ALTER GRDDISK ALL ACTIVE

   
   
7. 
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   

How to Manage Audit Files and Auditing on 11gr2

The following document explains how to switch on database auditing and the audit management packages for Oracle 11.2.

--
-- Set-up Audit Management
--

BEGIN
  DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.init_cleanup(
    audit_trail_type         => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_ALL,
    default_cleanup_interval => 12 /* hours */);
END;
/

--
-- Check Default Clean Up Interval has been Set and Cleanup is Initialized
--

COLUMN parameter_name FORMAT A30
COLUMN parameter_value FORMAT A20
COLUMN audit_trail FORMAT A20

SELECT * FROM dba_audit_mgmt_config_params WHERE PARAMETER_NAME = 'DEFAULT CLEAN UP INTERVAL'
/

SET SERVEROUTPUT ON
BEGIN
  IF DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.is_cleanup_initialized(DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD) THEN
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('YES');
  ELSE
    DBMS_OUTPUT.put_line('NO');
  END IF;
END;
/

pause Check the default clean up interval been set and the cleanup has been initialized.

--
-- Set Last Archive Timestamp Values for OS and XML Files.
--

BEGIN
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_last_archive_timestamp(
audit_trail_type  => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_OS,
last_archive_time => SYSTIMESTAMP-31);
END;
/

BEGIN
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_last_archive_timestamp(
audit_trail_type  => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,
last_archive_time => SYSTIMESTAMP-31);
END;
/

BEGIN
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_last_archive_timestamp(
audit_trail_type  => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_XML,
last_archive_time => SYSTIMESTAMP-31);
END;
/

--
-- Check Last Archive Timestamp Values are Set
--

SELECT * FROM dba_audit_mgmt_last_arch_ts
/

pause Check the last archive timestamp values have been set.

--
-- Set-up Automated Purge Job
--

BEGIN
DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.create_purge_job(
audit_trail_type           => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_ALL,
audit_trail_purge_interval => 24 /* hours */,
audit_trail_purge_name     => 'PURGE_ALL_AUDIT_TRAILS',
use_last_arch_timestamp    => TRUE);
END;
/

--
-- Set-up a Job to Move the Last Archive Timestamp Forward Each Day
--

-- Unhash if rerunning code.
--
-- BEGIN
--   SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.DROP_JOB
--     (job_name  => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD');
-- END;
-- /

BEGIN
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.CREATE_JOB
    (
       job_name        => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
      ,start_date      => TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ('2012/04/13 08:00:00.000000 +01:00','yyyy/mm/dd hh24:mi:ss.ff tzr')
      ,repeat_interval => 'FREQ=DAILY;INTERVAL=1'
      ,end_date        => NULL
      ,job_class       => 'DEFAULT_JOB_CLASS'
      ,job_type        => 'PLSQL_BLOCK'
      ,job_action      => 'BEGIN
  DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_last_archive_timestamp(
    audit_trail_type  => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_OS,
    last_archive_time => SYSTIMESTAMP-31);
END;
BEGIN
  DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_last_archive_timestamp(
   audit_trail_type  => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_AUD_STD,
   last_archive_time => SYSTIMESTAMP-31);
END;
BEGIN
  DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.set_last_archive_timestamp(
    audit_trail_type  => DBMS_AUDIT_MGMT.AUDIT_TRAIL_XML,
    last_archive_time => SYSTIMESTAMP-31);
END;'
      ,comments        => NULL
    );
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE
    ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
     ,attribute => 'RESTARTABLE'
     ,value     => FALSE);
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE
    ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
     ,attribute => 'LOGGING_LEVEL'
     ,value     => SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.LOGGING_OFF);
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE_NULL
    ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
     ,attribute => 'MAX_FAILURES');
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE_NULL
    ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
     ,attribute => 'MAX_RUNS');
  BEGIN
    SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE
      ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
       ,attribute => 'STOP_ON_WINDOW_CLOSE'
       ,value     => FALSE);
  EXCEPTION
    -- could fail if program is of type EXECUTABLE...
    WHEN OTHERS THEN
      NULL;
  END;
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE
    ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
     ,attribute => 'JOB_PRIORITY'
     ,value     => 3);
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE_NULL
    ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
     ,attribute => 'SCHEDULE_LIMIT');
  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.SET_ATTRIBUTE
    ( name      => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD'
     ,attribute => 'AUTO_DROP'
     ,value     => TRUE);

  SYS.DBMS_SCHEDULER.ENABLE
    (name                  => 'SYS.MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD');
END;
/

--
-- Check the DBMS Scheduler Jobs are Configured.
--

SELECT owner,job_name FROM DBA_SCHEDULER_JOBS WHERE job_name IN ('PURGE_ALL_AUDIT_TRAILS','MOVE_LAST_TIMESTAMP_FORWARD')
/

pause Check the jobs are scheduled.

Linux & command - Firewalld

Firewall

The firewall on Redhat 7 Linux system is enabled by default.

1. Stop and Start RHEL7 firewall
   
   root@rhel7 ~] service firewalld stop
   root@rhel7 ~]# service firewalld start |
2. Disable and Enable RHEL7 firewall
   
   [root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
   [root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl enable firewalld
3. How to open http port 80 on Redhat 7 Linux using firewall-cmd
   
   [root@rhel7 ~]## firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp
   
   Once you add the above firewall rule reload firewall service:
   
   [root@rhel7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload 4.
4. List all the port
   
   [root@SGNWH01HP1DB1 firewalld]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-all public

Start, Stop and Restart services on systemd RHEL

1. list all currenly running services
   
   [root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl list-units --type=service | grep running
2. list all active services available
   
   [root@rhel7 ~]# systemctl list-units --type=service

Journal Analysis

1. To get the content of the Systemd journal,
   # journalctl
2. To get all the events related to the crond process in the journal
   # journalctl --unit=chronyd
3. To get all the events that appeared today in the journal, type:
   # journalctl --since=today
4. To display the disk space used by Journald# journalctl --disk-usage
5. To get the 10 last events
   # journalctl -f

Boot Process

1. To get the boot process duration
   # systemd-analyze

Service Management

Systemd deals with all the aspects of the service management. The systemctl command replaces the chkconfig and the service commands

1.  To activate the NTP service at boot
   # systemctl enable ntpd
2. To deactivate it, start it, stop it, restart it, reload it, type:
   

   # systemctl disable ntpd
   # systemctl start ntpd
   # systemctl stop ntpd
   # systemctl restart ntpd
   # systemctl reload ntpd

3. To get the status of the Apache service
   # systemctl status httpd

4. To get the list of services that failed at boot, type:
   
   # systemctl --failed
   

5. To get all the configuration details about a service (here httpd), type:
   
   # systemctl show httpd
   
   

Other commands

• nmtui
• nmcli
• ip

How to add a user to the sudoers list

How to add a user to the sudoers list?

cat << END >> /etc/sudoers oracle ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL Defaults:oracle !requiretty END